Roulette ƒe ŋutinya
Roulette ƒe ŋutinya to ŋutinunya ƒe dodokpɔ aɖe si mede dzi o, gafefexɔ aɖe le Paris, nɔvi ŋutsu eve le Germania tsidzɔƒe du aɖe me, kple kasino si wɔ do gbemumu ɖeka wòzu Europa ƒe ɖoɖo si wozãna.
Hafi ʋuafɔ la va
- 1654
Pascal kple Fermat: akɔntawo ƒe mamã ƒe kuxi; asixɔxɔ si wokpɔ mɔ na.
Asixɔxɔ si wokpɔ mɔ na le roulette me - 1655Ʋuafɔ si ŋu taɖodzinu aɖeke meli o
Blaise Pascal, esime wònɔ mɔ̃ si atrɔ ɖaa tegbee dim la, wɔ ʋuafɔ si trɔna eye eƒe kpekpeme sɔ nyuie. Mɔ̃ la mewɔ dɔ o; ke ʋuafɔ la susɔ abe dɔwɔnu si trɔna bɔbɔe kloe eye eƒe emetsonuwo dzena abe nudzɔdzɔ ene.
Blaise Pascal: roulette ƒe ʋuafɔ ƒe gli - 1657
Huygens ta agbalẽ gbãtɔ si ku ɖe nu si wokpɔ mɔ na ŋu.
- 1713
Jakob Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi: xexlẽdzesi gãwo ƒe se.
Gogo ɖe titina ŋu le ɣeyiɣi didi me: xexlẽdzesi gãwo ƒe se le roulette me - ƒe 1740-awoRoly-poly kple E.O.
Eŋlisiyiɖukɔ ƒe gafefexɔwo trɔa ʋuafɔ siwo ŋu madzemadze kple dzedze ƒe dowo le. Woxe mɔ ɖe fefe siawo nu zi geɖe, eye esia na woƒe ƒomeviwo yi Europa ƒe anyigbagã dzi.
Ameka wɔ roulette? Roulette ƒe dzɔtsoƒe - 1754
d’Alembert ta susu me vodada si wotsɔ eƒe ŋkɔ na emegbe abe ɖoɖo ene.
D'Alembert aɖaŋu le roulette me - 1758
New France (Quebec) xe mɔ na dice, hoca, faro kple “roulette”: esia nye nuŋlɔɖi xoxotɔ aɖewo dometɔ ɖeka si yɔ ŋkɔ sia na gafefe aɖe.
- Ƒe 1760-awo
“Martingale” ge ɖe Frans nyagɔmeɖegbalẽwo me abe gafefelawo ƒe nyagbɔgblɔ ene.
Martingale aɖaŋu le roulette me
Fefe la
- 1796Paris, Palais-Royal
Jaques Lablée ƒe agbalẽ La Roulette ƒo nu tso ʋuafɔ si ŋu kasino ƒe do eve, 0 kple 00, le ŋu le gafefexɔ aɖe me le Palais-Royal. Esiae nye egbegbe fefe la ŋuti numeɖeɖe blibo gbãtɔ.
Roulette le agbalẽŋlɔŋlɔ me - Ƒe 1800-awo
Amerika ʋuafɔwo tsɔ hɔ̃ƒe do kpe ɖe eŋu: kasino ƒe xexlẽdzesi etɔ̃.
Amerika roulette ƒe ʋuafɔ kple sewo - 1837
Frans xe mɔ na kasinowo; fefe la ʋu yi Germania ƒe tsieƒe-duwo.
- 1841
Blanc nɔviŋutsuwo xɔ Bad Homburg ƒe mɔɖeɖe.
François Blanc - 1843Bad Homburg
François kple Louis Blanc ʋu kasino le Germania tsidzɔƒe du la me eye woɖe zero eve la ɖa. Ʋuafɔ zero ɖeka la ɖe kasino ƒe viɖe dzi kpɔtɔ wòzu afã eye wòhe fefewɔlawo tso dzudzɔƒe bubuwo gbɔ.
Bad Homburg kple tsidzɔƒe kasinowo - 1863Monte Carlo
Esi woxe mɔ ɖe gafefe nu le Germania katã la, Blanc xɔ kasino si nɔ kuxi me le Monaco. Monte Carlo zu Europa roulette ƒe kpɔɖeŋu; zero ɖeka nye eƒe ɖoɖo.
Monte Carlo roulette - 1866
Dostoevsky, The Gambler.
Dostoevsky ƒe Roulettenburg - 1868
Keteke ƒe mɔ tso Nice yi Monte Carlo.
Casino de Monte-Carlo - 1869
Monaco ɖe adzɔxexe le gakpɔkpɔ dzi ɖa.
- 1872
Prussia tu Germania ƒe kasinowo nu.
Fefewɔlawo kple dodokpɔwo
- Ƒe 1870-awo
Labouchère na xexlẽdzesitutuɖa ƒe ɖoɖo la xɔ ŋkɔ le London.
Labouchère aɖaŋu le roulette me - ƒe 1880 lɔƒoJagger ƒe ʋuafɔ
Joseph Jagger, avɔ ƒe asitsala tso Yorkshire, na woŋlɔ Monte Carlo ƒe ʋuafɔwo ƒe emetsonuwo ɖi eye wòɖo bɛt ɖe xexlẽdzesi siwo dona zi geɖe akpa la dzi. Ekpɔ ga gbogbo aɖe; kasino la ʋã eƒe ʋuafɔwo ɖe teƒe bubuwo, emegbe wòtsɔ bubuwo ɖɔ li wo.
Joseph Jagger: roulette ƒe aɖaŋu le Monte Carlo - 1891Ŋutsu si gbã gadzraɖoƒe la
Charles Wells wɔ be gakpewo nu va yi le kplɔ̃ aɖe dzi zi geɖe le ŋkeke ʋɛ aɖewo me, si na wodzi ha aɖe le music-hall. Numekuku meke ɖe ɖoɖo aɖeke ŋu o, dzɔgbe ko, eye emegbe ameblewɔwɔ le teƒe bubu.
Ŋutsu si gbã gadzraɖoƒe la - 1900
Pearson ta chi-square dodokpɔ la kple Monte Carlo trɔtrɔwo ƒe nyatakakawo.
Chi-square dodokpɔ - 1907
Frans gaɖe mɔ na kasinowo le tsieƒe-duwo kple ƒuta-duwo me.
- 1913
Yibɔ 26 ɖe wo nɔewo yome le Monte Carlo.
Gafefela ƒe susu me vodada - 1931
Nevada ɖe mɔ na kasino me gafefe.
Las Vegas ƒe roulette ƒe ʋuafɔwo - Ƒe 1940-awo
Ulam kple von Neumann na ŋkɔ Monte Carlo mɔnu la.
- 1953
Fleming, Casino Royale: Bond ɖo bɛt ɖe wuieve eve dzi le roulette me.
James Bond aɖaŋu le roulette me - 1961
Thorp kple Shannon wɔ roulette kɔmpiuta gbãtɔ si ame ate ŋu atsɔ ɖe eŋu.
Roulette ƒe kɔmpiutawo - 1965
Dubins kple Savage ɖee fia be dzideƒofefe nyoa wu le fefe siwo mele dzɔdzɔe o me.
- 1969
Thorp ƒe numekuku ɖe nusita bɛtɖoɖo ƒe ɖoɖo aɖeke mate ŋu aɖu fefe si ƒe asixɔxɔ si wokpɔ mɔ na nye nu gbegblẽ dzi o la fia.
Dzixɔse tovo: roulette aɖaŋu si ɖua dzi ɖaa - 1977–81
Eudaemons ƒe kɔmpiuta ɣaɣlawo le Nevada: le abɔ te le ƒe 1978 me, le afɔkpa me le ƒe 1981 me.
Eudaemons-awo - 1985
Nevada wɔ nu siwo gblɔa nu ɖi la ŋu se gbegblẽ. Bass ta The Eudaemonic Pie.
Ameblewɔwɔ le roulette me
Fefe la egbe
- ƒe alafa 20liaTso tsidzɔƒe duwo yi ekranwo dzi
Roulette yi Las Vegas kple zero eve si wogbugbɔ tsɔ de eme, emegbe yi RNG kplɔ̃ siwo le internet dzi le ƒe 1990-awo me, kple studio ʋuafɔ siwo woɖena fiana gbagbe le ƒe 2000-awo me.
Europa roulette kple Amerika roulette - Ƒe 1990-awo
García-Pelayo ƒe ƒomea zã ʋuafɔ siwo ɖea akpa le Madrid gbɔ; woxe mɔ na wo; ʋɔnuwo tutu mɔxexe la ɖa (2004).
Gonzalo García-Pelayo: roulette ƒe ɖoɖo - 1996
Kasino gbãtɔwo le internet dzi kple RNG roulette.
Roulette gbagbe kple RNG roulette - 2003–06
Roulette kple dila gbagbe si woɖe fia tso studiowo me; Riga kple Malta zu eƒe titinaƒewo.
Alesi roulette gbagbe wɔa dɔe - 2004
Ritz ƒe ha la kpɔ £1.3m to bɔl la ƒe dzeƒe gbɔgblɔ ɖi me; womekpɔ laser si wogblɔ be wozã la gbeɖe o; womeyɔ wo ɖe ʋɔnu o.
Viɖefefe le roulette me - 2005
Eŋlisiyiɖukɔ ƒe Gambling Act: gafefe le adzɔge ƒe mɔɖeɖegbalẽ blibo.
Roulette le Eŋlisiyiɖukɔ me - 2012
Small kple Tse ta roulette ƒe dzeƒe gbɔgblɔ ɖi ƒe ŋutinunya.
Roulette ƒe ʋuafɔ ƒe ŋutinunya - 2013
New Jersey ʋu kasino siwo dzi wokpɔna le internet dzi.
Roulette le Amerika - 2016
Zero etɔ̃ roulette le Las Vegas Strip dzi.
Zero etɔ̃ roulette - 2018
Amerika dziɖuɖu ƒe mɔxexe na bɛtɖoɖo ɖe ƒefewo dzi la tsi tre; nutowo ŋutɔ wɔa wo ƒe sewo.
- 2021
Germania kple Netherlands na mɔɖeɖegbalẽ kasino ƒe fefewo le internet dzi.
Roulette le Europa - 2026
Nyatakakadzraɖoƒe sia: ŋkeke ɖe sia ɖe si le dzi, kple akɔntabubu la.
Nyagbe ɖeka si le vevie
Le ƒe alafa eve kple afã me la, roulette ƒe fetu trɔ zi ɖeka ko wònyo na fefewɔla (1843, woɖe zero ɖeka ɖa) eye zi eve wògblẽ nɛ (hɔ̃ la le ƒe 1800-awo me, zero etɔ̃ la le ƒe 2016 me). Nu bubu ɖe sia ɖe, ɖoɖowo, kɔmpiutawo, studiowo, kekeliwo, megbe akɔntabubu la ɖe afi si Lablée kpɔe le o: 36/n − 1 ɖe ʋuafɔ si ƒe dowo sɔ gbɔ wu esia ɖeka ŋu.
Nyabiasewo
Pascal tɔ. Ʋuafɔ ŋuti dodokpɔwo nye nyateƒe; kadodo kple roulette la nye kɔnyinya ko.
Le ƒe alafa 19lia me; Europa ɖoɖo si wozãna egbe la zu dzidzenu le Monte Carlo ƒe ɣeyiɣiwo me.
Ɖewohĩ se aɖe ƒe ŋkeke. Ʋuafɔ la wu nu.
Nukokoe sue
Ƒe alafa eve kple afã, ŋgɔyiyi ɖeka, megbedzedze eve, ŋutinya geɖe.
Nunyaƒewo
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.