Ŋutinya kple dekɔnuwo · Sinima kple agbalẽwo · aɖabaƒoƒo 7

Ŋutsu si gbã gadzraɖoƒe la

Ameblela ɖeka, ɖoɖo ɣaɣla ɖeka, kɔsiɖa wɔnuku ɖeka, kple ha aɖe tso ha-xɔwo me si nɔ agbe wu wo katã.

Ŋuɖoɖo kpui

Charles Wells gbã kasino ƒe ga le Monte Carlo zi geɖe le ƒe 1891 me to dzidzɔkpɔkpɔ ɖe wo nɔewo yome kple ɖoɖo aɖe si ƒe gɔme meɖe kpɔ o la dzi. Ha si wophlɔ le eŋu le ƒe 1892 me na “breaking the bank” (kasino ƒe ga gbãgbã) zu nyagbɔgblɔ. Ebu ga la ƒe akpa aɖe le vuvɔŋɔli ma me eye wòde ga ƒe geɖe ɖe ameblewɔwɔ ta.

sasrãkpɔkpɔ gbãtɔ
July, 1891
ga si wòkpɔ
≈ £40,000 le ŋkeke atɔ̃ me
ha la
Fred Gilbert, 1892
ʋɔnudɔdrɔ̃, 1893
ƒe enyi

Ame si wònye

Charles Deville Wells (1841–1922) nye mɔ̃ɖaŋudzela kple ameblela si wɔa ameblenu edziedzi; eƒoa ga ƒu tso gadelawo gbɔ ɖe mɔ̃ yeye siwo meli o ŋu. Le July 1891 me la, eva Monte Carlo kple ga sia tɔgbe £4,000. Le ŋkeke atɔ̃ me la, egbã kasino ƒe ga zi geɖe, si gɔmee nye be kplɔ̃ aɖe ƒe ga si wodzra ɖo la vɔ, eye wòdzo kple £40,000 abe ale si eya ŋutɔ gblɔe ene; esia sɔ kple pound miliɔn geɖe egbe.

Wells le mɔ̃ aɖe si meli o ƒe ɖoɖowo ʋum ɖe go esime gadela aɖe le ga tsɔm nɛ.

Monte Carlo roulette

Nu si wòwɔ ŋutɔŋutɔ

Egblɔ be ɖoɖo aɖe si medaa vo o le ye si, gake megblɔ nu si wònye kpɔ o. Ŋkuɖodzinyalawo mekpɔ ɖoɖo aɖeke si dze ƒã le eƒe fefe me o, eye nuŋlɔɖi aɖeke si dzi woate ŋu aɖo kpe o meyɔ mɔnu aɖeke o; MartingaleaɖaŋuMartingaleTɔtrɔ ɖoɖo si tsɔa bɛtga ƒoa ɖe eve le gabubu ɖe sia ɖe megbe. Kpɔ Aɖaŋuwo ƒe akpa la be nànya nu si wòwɔna kple nu si mewɔna o.Xlẽe blibo → si woblaa ɖe eƒe ŋkɔ ŋu zi geɖe la nye susu ko. Mele vevie o: ɖoɖo ɖe sia ɖe le kplɔ̃ ƒe ɖoɖodɔwɔnuKplɔ̃ ƒe ɖoɖoBɛtɖoɖo ƒe xexlẽdzesi ƒe ɖoɖo si woŋlɔ ɖe kplɔ̃ la dzi. Woyɔnɛ hã be table, felt, cloth.Xlẽe blibo → dzi ƒe asixɔxɔ si wokpɔ mɔ naakɔntabubuAsixɔxɔ si wokpɔ mɔ naEmetsonu le titina me le bɛt ɖe sia ɖe me le ɣeyiɣi didi me. −1/37 le bɛtga me na Europa bɛt gbadza ɖe sia ɖe.Xlẽe blibo → sɔ, eyata nu sia nu si wòwɔ o, emetsonu lae nye dzidzɔkpɔkpɔ ɖe wo nɔewo yome didi aɖe. MɔnukpɔkpɔakɔntabubuMɔnukpɔkpɔMɔnukpɔkpɔ be emetsonu aɖe nadzɔ, tso 0 va ɖo 1 alo tso 0% va ɖo 100%. Xexlẽdzesi ɖeka: 1/37 = 2.70%.Xlẽe blibo → be dzidzɔkpɔkpɔ didi abe etɔ ene nava la le sue na fefewɔla ɖeka, gake ele gã na ame akpe geɖe siwo toa kasino aɖe me le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me. Ame aɖe ava zu Wells. Wells ŋutɔe wònye.

nu si ŋutinya-gli la gblɔnu si akɔntabubu gblɔ
ɖoɖo lamedaa vo o, ɣaɣlawomenyae o; ɖoɖo ɖe sia ɖe bua bɛtga katã ƒe 2.70%
dziɖuɖu laaɖaŋuɖoɖo ɖe wo nɔewo yome didi; fefewɔla ɖeka le akpe geɖe me kpɔnɛ
kasino ƒe ga gbãgbãkasino la dzi ɖuɖukplɔ̃ ɖeka ƒe ga si wodzra ɖo vɔvɔ; kasino la gatsɔ bubu va
tɔtrɔgbɔɖoɖo la megawɔ dɔ oasixɔxɔ si wokpɔ mɔ na la va dze
nusɔsrɔ̃ laàte ŋu aɖu ʋuafɔ la dzigbugbɔgbɔ ɖe titina ŋu, kple ha ɖeka

Ha la

Fred Gilbert ƒe ha “The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” (1892), si Charles Coborn dzi la, xɔ ŋkɔ ŋutɔ le London ƒe ha-xɔwo me eye wòtso yi Amerika. Ame si le nya la gblɔm la zɔna kple dada le boulevard dzi abe ame si le eɖokui si ene, eye tso ɣemaɣi la, nyagbɔgblɔ “broke the bank” fia dziɖuɖu wɔnuku aɖe. Ha la meyɔ sasrãkpɔkpɔ evelia o.

Sasrãkpɔkpɔ evelia kple esi kplɔe ɖo

Wells gbugbɔ va le haƒoƒoɣi ma me eye wògaɖu dzi, emegbe ebu ga la ƒe akpa aɖe le sasrãkpɔkpɔ aɖe me le vuvɔŋɔli 1891–92 me. Etsɔ gadelawo ƒe ga zã ga geɖe ɖe tɔdziʋu kesinɔtɔ aɖe, Palais Royale, ŋu; meɖo Monte Carlo kpɔ o. Le ƒe 1892 ƒe nuwuwu la, Frans kpovitɔwo lée le Le Havre, eye le March 1893 me la, ʋɔnu aɖe le London tso ƒe enyi ƒe gaxɔmenɔnɔ kple dɔsesẽwɔwɔ nɛ ɖe ameblewɔwɔ ta. Woɖe asi le eŋu le ƒe 1899 me, wogatso ƒe etɔ̃ bubu nɛ le ƒe 1906 me ɖe ameblewɔwɔ bubu ta, eye le ƒe 1911 lɔƒo la, ewɔ gadzraɖoƒe alakpa aɖe le Paris si do ŋugbe 1% le ŋkeke ɖe sia ɖe me, si na wòde gaxɔ le Frans. Eku le London le ƒe 1922 me. Kasino la, si xe £40,000 le ƒe 1891 me eye wòkpɔ ŋkɔxɔxɔ si ƒe asixɔxɔ ʋu ema wu la, kpɔ viɖe geɖe tso eƒe nya me.

Charles Wells
1841

Wodzii le Hertfordshire.

Ƒe 1880-awo

Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe nuɖoanyiɖaseɖigbalẽwo kple gadede ƒe ameblenuwo.

July, 1891

Monte Carlo: egbã kasino ƒe ga zi geɖe; ekpɔ ≈ £40,000.

Haƒoƒoɣi 1891

Egbugbɔ va; egaɖu dzi.

1891–92

Ebu eƒe akpa aɖe. Ha la, 1892. Tɔdziʋu aɖe si meɖo Monaco kpɔ o.

1893

Wobu fɔe ɖe ameblewɔwɔ ta le London; ƒe enyi.

1906

Ameblewɔwɔ bubu, ƒe etɔ̃ bubu.

1912

Wode gaxɔe le Frans ɖe gadzraɖoƒe ƒe ameblewɔwɔ ta.

1922

Eku le London.

Nu si ta ŋutinya la le vevie

Enye kpɔɖeŋu si me kɔ wu be ɖoɖo aɖe “wɔ dɔ” eye emegbe mewɔ o. Ɖoɖo la mewɔ naneke le zi eveawo siaa me o; dzidzɔkpɔkpɔ va eye wòyi, abe ale si kakaɖeakɔntabubuKakaɖeDzidzenu si ɖenɛ fiana alesi emetsonuwo kakana ɖe asixɔxɔ si wokpɔ mɔ na ŋu godoo. Ekɔ na xexlẽdzesi ɖeka ƒe bɛt, eye wòbɔbɔ na bɛt sɔsɔewo.Xlẽe blibo → ƒe axawo gblɔ be ele be wòanɔ ene. Kasino la bu kɔsiɖa ɖeka eye wòkpɔ ŋutinya-gli ɖeka. Ɖoɖo ɖe sia ɖe si wodzra tso ɣemaɣi la, Wells aɖe le eƒe ɖaseɖiɖiwo me, eye wo dometɔ ɖe sia ɖe hã si sasrãkpɔkpɔ evelia aɖe si ŋu ɖaseɖiɖi la meƒo nu tso o.

Nyabiasewo

Ɖe Wells ble ame ya?

Kpeɖodzi aɖeke meli le kplɔ̃wo ŋu o. Eƒe ameblewɔwɔwo nɔ teƒe bubu.

Asixɔxɔ ka £40,000 le ƒe 1891 me la le egbe?

Pound miliɔn geɖe, le dzidzenu geɖe nu.

Ɖe wogbã kasino ƒe ga ŋutɔŋutɔa?

Ga si wodzra ɖo nɔ kplɔ̃ ɖe sia ɖe si; ne evɔ la, kplɔ̃ la tɔ eye wotsɔ bubu va. Ga mevɔ le kasino la si kpɔ o.

Nukokoe sue

Kasino la bu kɔsiɖa ɖeka eye wòƒle ƒe alafa ɖeka ƒe ŋkɔxɔxɔ.

Kasino la bu kɔsiɖa ɖeka eye wòƒle ƒe alafa ɖeka ƒe ŋkɔxɔxɔ.

Nunyaƒewo

  1. Quinn, R. The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo. The History Press, 2016.
  2. Old Bailey Proceedings Online. Trial of Charles Wells, March 1893 (t18930306-349). Ʋɔnudɔdrɔ̃: ƒe enyi ƒe gaxɔmenɔnɔ kple dɔsesẽwɔwɔ.
  3. Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling. Gotham, 2006.
  4. Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
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