NUMEKUƑEDODOKPƆ 06df = 36α = 0.05seed 99

Roulette ƒe ʋuafɔ ƒe akpaɖeɖe

Roulette ƒe ʋuafɔ si ɖea akpa lɔ̃a dowo aɖewo wu le gbegblẽ aɖe le eŋutilã ta: domegli si mele te nyuie o, rotor si mesɔ o, dowo siwo ŋu ti. Roulette ƒe ʋuafɔ ƒe akpaɖeɖe li, eye ame aɖewo zãe kpɔ. Kuxi la enye be ʋuafɔ dzɔdzɔe blibo gɔ̃ hã naa “xexlẽdzesi xɔdzowo” ɣesiaɣi, eya ta nyabiase la menye be ɖe xexlẽdzesi aɖe xɔ dzo o, ke boŋ be ɖe nɔnɔme blibo la mesɔ o wu alesi dzɔgbe ɖeɖe ate ŋu ana hã.

1. Ɖe kpɔɖeŋu tso ʋuafɔ dzɔdzɔe dzi

Trɔtrɔ siwo woɖe tso ʋuafɔ si ŋu wowɔ kpɔɖeŋu le, si meɖea akpa kura o. Trɔ kpɔɖeŋu ƒe lolome eye nàkpɔ do xɔdzotɔ la ɖa.

0321519421225173462713361130823105241633120143192218297281235326
trɔtrɔwo370
esi wokpɔ mɔ na le do ɖe sia ɖe me10.0
do si xɔdzo wu20 · zi 16 (4.32%)
do si xɔdzo wu kple esi wokpɔ mɔ na+60% · 1.9σ
chi-square dodokpɔ · p32.8 · 0.622
nyametsotsoakpaɖeɖe ƒe kpeɖodzi aɖeke meli o

2. Nu si wokpɔ kple nu si wokpɔ mɔ na

Ati ɖe sia ɖe nye do ɖeka le ʋuafɔ ƒe ɖoɖo nu. Fli si wogbã nye xexlẽme si wokpɔ mɔ na, n/37. Akpa si dzena blewu nye ±2 kakaɖe ƒe dzidzenuwo: le ʋuafɔ dzɔdzɔe dzi la, do ɖeka le do blaeve me kloe ado go le eme to dzɔgbe ko me.

0dowo le ʋuafɔ ƒe ɖoɖo nu →26

3. Chi-square dodokpɔ

Dodokpɔ la tsɔa alesi do ɖe sia ɖe didi tso nu si wokpɔ mɔ na gbɔ, si wodzi ɖe edzi zi eve (squared) eye wotrɔ eƒe dzidzenu, kpena ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu. Le ʋuafɔ dzɔdzɔe dzi la, ƒuƒoƒo la wɔa ɖe chi-square mama si ƒe ablɔɖe ƒe dzidzenu nye 36 nu; zi geɖe la, woyɔa p-asixɔxɔ si le 0.05 te be vevie.

χ² = Σ (Oᵢ − Eᵢ)² / Eᵢ Eᵢ = n/37 df = 36
n = 370 · E = 10.00 · χ² = 32.80 · p = 0.622
Nuxlɔ̃ame le kpɔɖeŋu ƒe lolome ŋuNe trɔtrɔwo mede trɔtrɔ 1,000 kloe o la, ŋusẽ aɖeke kloe mele dodokpɔ la si be wòakpɔ akpaɖeɖe siwo ate ŋu adzɔ ŋutɔŋutɔ o, eye emetsonu si “vevie” le p < 0.05 adzɔ to dzɔgbe me zi 1 le kpɔɖeŋu dzɔdzɔe 20 siwo nèkpɔ me. Ne èdo ʋuafɔ geɖe kpɔ, alo nègbugbɔ do ʋuafɔ ɖeka ma ke kpɔ vaseɖe esime wòato eme la, emetsonu siwo menye nyateƒe o adzɔ godoo.

4. Trɔtrɔ nenie ahiã

Trɔtrɔ siwo hiã be woakpɔ do ɖeka si dona zi geɖe wu 1/37, le akpa ɖeka ƒe dzidzenu 5% kple ŋusẽ 80%. Do si dona zi 1 le 35 me le esi teƒe be wòado zi 1 le 37 me la anye viɖe sesẽ na fefewɔla, eye ehiã trɔtrɔ akpe geɖe siwo woŋlɔ ɖi hafi woaɖo kpe edzi.

dzidzenu ŋutɔŋutɔfefewɔla ƒe viɖetrɔtrɔ siwo hiãle trɔtrɔ 40/gaƒoƒo me
1 le 25 me+44.0%1,108gaƒoƒo 28
1 le 30 me+20.0%4,392gaƒoƒo 110
1 le 33 me+9.1%15,747gaƒoƒo 394
1 le 35 me+2.9%69,461gaƒoƒo 1,737
Be woaɖo kpe akpaɖeɖe dzi la, ele be woaŋlɔ trɔtrɔwo ɖi zã ɖe zã yome, akpe geɖe.

Dɔwɔmɔ

Kpɔɖeŋuɖeɖe. Tiatia siwo sɔ tso do 37 me kple nudzɔdzɔ xexlẽdzesiwɔmɔ̃ si woɖo gɔmedzenu na (mulberry32, seed 99), ale be axa la ate ŋu agbugbɔ adzɔ ɖekaa.
Dodokpɔ. Pearson ƒe chi-square dodokpɔ (goodness of fit), ablɔɖe ƒe dzidzenu 36, p-asixɔxɔ tso gamma dɔwɔwɔ si mede blibo o si wowɔ ɖoɖo na (regularized incomplete gamma function) me.
Ŋusẽ. Normal akɔntabubu si te ɖe one-proportion dodokpɔ ŋu, α = 0.05 le akpa ɖeka dzi, ŋusẽ 0.80.
Eƒe keke. Akɔntabubu me didi ko. Ŋutilã ƒe susuwo kple dzodzro si wɔa nu le akpawo nu (ke menye dowo nu o) le Ʋuafɔ ƒe akpawo dzodzro me.

Nukokoe sue

Ʋuafɔ dzɔdzɔe naa xexlẽdzesi xɔdzowo zã sia zã. Be woaɖo kpe edzi be ʋuafɔ aɖe ɖea akpa la, ehiã trɔtrɔ akpe geɖe.

Ʋuafɔ dzɔdzɔe naa xexlẽdzesi xɔdzowo zã sia zã. Be woaɖo kpe edzi be ʋuafɔ aɖe ɖea akpa la, ehiã trɔtrɔ akpe geɖe.

Nunyaƒewo

  1. Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations… Philosophical Magazine, 50(302).
  2. Thorp, E. O. (1969). Optimal gambling systems for favorable games. Review of the International Statistical Institute, 37(3).
  3. Ethier, S. N. (2010). The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling. Springer. Ta 13, Roulette.