Eudaemons-awo

Susu aɖe le Las Vegas ƒe ahanoƒe aɖe, 1975

Le ƒe 1975 ƒe dzomeŋɔli me la, Norman Packard, ŋutinunya-sukuvi aɖe, tsɔ ɣleti eve xlẽ kaɖewo le blackjack me le Las Vegas kple xɔlɔ̃a Jack Biles, eye wòkpɔ viɖe ɖekeo kloe. Esime wonɔ aha mamlɛtɔ nom la, Biles gblɔ be yeaɖo bɛt be woate ŋu aɖu roulette dzi kple ŋutinunya, eye Packard ɖo ŋku nya ɣaɣla aɖe si le Edward Thorp ƒe Beat the Dealer me le mɔnu aɖe na roulette ŋu dzi. Wo ame eveawo do gbeɖiɖimɔ̃ aɖe, wotsi tre ɖe ʋuafɔwo gbɔ le kasino geɖe me eye woƒoa asi ɖe gbedzidzimɔ̃ la dzi ɣesiaɣi si bɔldɔwɔnuBɔlBɔl sue si wotsɔ ƒua du ɖe mɔ la me ɖe rotor la ƒe yiyi ŋu. Egbegbe bɔlwo nye ivorine alo Teflon, 18–21 mm.Xlẽe blibo → la to teƒe aɖe si mele ʋuʋum o. Esi wotsɔ asiƒoƒoawo ŋlɔ ɖe grafgbalẽ dzi la, woɖe fia be bɔl la le blewuyiyim eye wòle dzadzam le ɖoɖo aɖe nu. Packard ƒe sukuxɔlɔ̃ Doyne Farmer, si nɔ nu srɔ̃m le University of California, Santa Cruz, gblɔ be ɣeyiɣi gbegblẽe wònye va se ɖe esime eya ŋutɔ bu akɔnta la: ame si ate ŋu adzidze bɔl la ƒe ɣeyiɣi va ɖo sekend ƒe akpa ewo me ɖeka lɔƒo la, le agbalẽ dzi la, ate ŋu agblɔ afi si wòaɖo anyi ɖo le xexlẽdzesi ʋɛ aɖewo me.

Ʋuafɔ aɖe le ŋutinunya ƒe numekuxɔ me

Le ƒe 1976 ƒe kele me la, Farmer kple Dan Browne xe $1,500 kple ga ŋutɔŋutɔ ɖe kasino ƒe ʋuafɔ aɖe si wogbugbɔ ɖɔ ɖo ŋu le dɔwɔƒe aɖe le Reno, eye wogblɔ be ɖe sukuvi-habɔbɔ ƒe kekeli ta wònye. Ɣleti geɖe la, wotsɔnɛ yia yunivɛsiti ƒe nufiaxɔ le zã me eye wodzidzenɛ kple infrared-kpɔnuwo, gaƒoƒomɔ̃ si wowɔ le aƒeme, kple kamera si dzena dɔ ne bɔl la ƒo ga ƒe gbe. Nu si wokpɔ la gakpɔtɔ nye nu vevi siwo le trɔtrɔ me ƒe xexlẽ kpui nyui aɖe. Yame ye naa blewuyiyi wu, wu bɔl ƒe mɔ la. Ʋuafɔ si metsi tre dzɔdzɔe o, ne ŋuʋuʋu la nye inch ƒe akpa ewo me ɖeka ko gɔ̃ hã la, trɔa afi si bɔl la dzoa le mɔ la dzi, eye le ʋuafɔ si tsyɔ akpa ɖeka dzi la, bɔl la dzoa le akpa kɔkɔtɔ dzi zi geɖe, si naa nyagbɔgblɔɖi la bɔbɔna. Bɔlwo to vovo: Teflon-bɔl yi blewu zi eve wu esi wowɔ kple billiard-bɔl ƒe nuwo. Eye ne bɔl la dzo le mɔ la dzi vɔ hã la, egakpɔtɔ tia kpo, le titina me la, mewu ʋuafɔ la ƒe akpa ene me ɖeka va ɖo akpa etɔ̃ me ɖeka o. Titi ma ye nye nyabiase si dzi ɖoɖo blibo la nɔ te ɖo, eye mekeke ale gbegbe be wòatutu nyagbɔgblɔɖi la ɖa o. Le dzomeŋɔli la ƒe nuwuwu la, wobu be viɖe si ate ŋu anɔ anyi la nye 44%, xexlẽdzesi si Thorp gblɔ na eya ŋutɔ ƒe mɔ̃.

Roulette ƒe ʋuafɔ ƒe ŋutinunya

Dɔwɔƒe la kple pie la

Woyɔ dɔ la be Eudaemonic Enterprises, tso Greek-nya aɖe si fia agbe si wonɔna le susu nu ƒe dzidzɔ. Ele be woaxe fe na ame sia ame si wɔ dɔ la tso dziɖuɖu siwo ava me le gaƒoƒo siwo wòwɔ nu: nu si woyɔ be Eudaemonic Pie la ƒe akpa ɖeka. Wotaɖo be ga si woakpɔ la naxe fe na xɔlɔ̃wo ƒe nutoa aɖe si awɔ dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya le wo ŋutɔ ƒe ɖoɖo nu.

Kɔmpiuta le abɔgbe, 1976–1978

Mɔ̃ gbãtɔ tso kɔmpiuta-akpa siwo va to agbalẽnyanya dzi le September 1976 me ɖe $250 ta, siwo wowɔ ɖe 6502 processor si Apple ƒe kɔmpiutawo hã zãna dzi. Farmer, si mewɔ dɔwɔɖi kpɔ o la, ŋlɔ bɔl kple rotordɔwɔnuRotorƲuafɔ la ƒe akpa si trɔna eye dowo le edzi.Xlẽe blibo → ƒe akɔntabubuwo ɖe eme. Wobla kasino ƒe mɔ̃ la ɖe ŋutilã ŋu, le abɔgbe alo, le nyɔnuwo gome la, le akɔtaku me. Fefewɔla si le ʋuafɔ la gbɔ zia ŋuʋuʋunuwo kple afɔ ƒe asibide gãwo: afɔ ɖeka ƒe asibide ɖea dzesi zeroʋuafɔZeroDo gbemumu ɖeka si dzi bɛt sɔsɔe, wuieve alo sɔti ƒe bɛt aɖeke metsyɔna o; kasino ƒe viɖe ƒe dzɔtsoƒe. Woyɔnɛ hã be zero ɖeka, 0.Xlẽe blibo → kple emegbe bɔl la ɣesiaɣi si wòto teƒe aɖe si mele ʋuʋum o, eye evelia ʋua dɔwɔɖi la tso eƒe ɖoɖo ɖeka dzi yi bubu dzi. Dɔwɔɖi la sɔsɔ ɖe ʋuafɔ aɖe ŋu xɔa miniti blaeve lɔƒo ƒe zizi ɖoɖoe. Emegbe, le sekend ʋɛ aɖewo me le trɔtrɔ ɖe sia ɖe me la, kɔmpiuta la yɔa ʋuafɔ la ƒe akpaʋuafɔAkpaDowo ƒe akpa si kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo le ʋuafɔ la dzi, si to vovo na xexlẽdzesi ƒe ha aɖe le kplɔ̃ ƒe ɖoɖo dzi.Xlẽe blibo → enyi la dometɔ ɖeka, alo wòɖea dzesi “mègaɖo bɛt o”, to nu suesue siwo ʋuʋuna ɖe ŋutigbalẽ ŋu dzi. Fefewɔla evelia si le kplɔ̃ la ƒe akpa bubu, si wotsɔ radio ƒe gbe bɔbɔe aɖe do ƒo ɖe eŋu la, sea ʋuʋu ma ke eye wòɖoa bɛt ɖe akpa ma ƒe xexlẽdzesi etɔ̃ alo ene dzi, eye ɣeaɖewoɣi wòtsɔa xexlẽdzesi si le eŋu le ʋuafɔ la dzi ɖɔlia ɖeka ale be ɖoɖo la nasesẽ na gɔmesese.

Mɔzɔzɔ gbãtɔ, yi Lake Tahoe kple Reno le December 1977 me la, nye mɔ̃wo ƒe gbegblẽ didi ɖeka ko. Kɔsiɖa ʋɛ aɖewo megbe la, le Golden Gate le downtown Las Vegas la, Farmer ɖeka fe gaƒoƒo ene kple afã le cent ewo ɖe gakpegaGakpeNu si tsi tre ɖi na ga aɖe si woɖo ɖi, si wotsɔa ɖoa kplɔ̃ ƒe ɖoɖo la dzi tsɔ ɖoa bɛt. Woyɔnɛ hã be check.Xlẽe blibo → ɖe sia ɖe ta. Viɖe la le sue, gake le trɔtrɔ alafa geɖe me la, eya kple Browne bu kple ŋuɖɔɖɔ be viɖe la nye 25%.

Las Vegas ƒe roulette ƒe ʋuafɔwo

Ƒe 1978 ƒe dzomeŋɔli

Le dzomeŋɔli ma me la, ha la fe ɖe wo nɔewo yome kɔsiɖa geɖe, le downtown kple Strip dzi, fefeɣi eve le ŋkeke ɖe sia ɖe me eye womefe le kasino ɖeka me le zã eve siwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo me gbeɖe o. Woŋlɔ nu ɖe nuŋlɔgbalẽ aɖe me le kasino ɖe sia ɖe ŋu: eƒe ʋuafɔwo kple ale si woŋuʋu tso dzɔdzɔenyenye gbɔe, eƒe dɔwɔlawo, eƒe dɔwɔɣi ƒe tɔtrɔwo. Wokpɔe be Las Vegas ƒe ʋuafɔwo tsyɔ akpa ɖeka dzi nyuie eye fefe siwo wowɔna le zãtitina megbe la yia blewu, si nye nu si kɔmpiuta la hiã, elabena rotor si yia blewu kple bɔl si ƒua du la naa ɣeyiɣi geɖe na dzidzedze kple bɛt ɖoɖo. Zã nyui aɖewo nɔ eme. Le Circus Circus la, croupieramewoCroupierDila si le roulette kplɔ̃ ŋu.Xlẽe blibo → ƒe tɔtrɔ le gaƒoƒo eve me le ŋdi me trɔ fefeɣi si me wonɔ ga bum la wòzu dɔla alafa geɖe le cent 25 ɖe gakpe ɖe sia ɖe ta. Eye gbegblẽwo hã va edziedzi: kawo siwo ɖe asi, radio-ƒomedodo siwo ʋuʋu le dzoxɔxɔ ta, dzoŋusẽ ƒe ƒoƒo tso antenna ƒe ka siwo wotɔ ɖe woƒe awuwo me. Zã aɖe la, nu suesue siwo ʋuʋuna la tɔ te, kawo xɔ dzo ŋutɔ, eye Ingrid Hoermann yi fefe dzi esime dzo le eƒe ŋutigbalẽ bim wu be yeadzo le kplɔ̃ si ŋu wole dzi ɖum. Kasino ƒe dɔwɔlawo de dzesi dziɖuɖu la gake womede dzesi mɔnu la gbeɖe o; zi ɖeka la, croupier aɖe si ƒe dzi gblẽ ɖe gakpe siwo nɔ dzidzim ta la lé ʋuafɔ si nɔ trɔtrɔm la eye wòtrɔe kple ŋusẽ.

Le ɣleti wuietɔ̃ me la, wozɔ mɔ zi enyi yi Nevada eye, esi woɖoa bɛt le cent ewo kple cent blaeve-vɔ-atɔ̃ dzi zi geɖe ta la, wokpɔ dɔla akpe ʋɛ aɖewo. Fefeɣi aɖe le California Club le December 1978 me na wokpɔ $1,000 kple edzivuwo le gaƒoƒo etɔ̃ me eye wòna woxɔe se be mɔnu la dze na mɔ̃ nyui wu.

Kɔmpiuta le afɔkpa me, 1980–1981

Be woaɖe kawo ɖa le woƒe ŋutilãwo ŋu ta la, woɖoe be yewoatsɔ nu sia nu ade afɔkpawo me. Mark Truitt, ŋutinunya-sukuvi aɖe si wu suku nu yeyee eye wòdzo le dɔbiabia aɖe na asrafowo ƒe radar-dɔ me la, tsɔ ƒe ɖeka kple afã wɔ dɔ ɖe eŋu. Susu si na wòsɔ la tso yunivɛsiti ƒe mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔla aɖe gbɔ: tsi kɔmpiuta la le nyagbɔgblɔɖiwo dome, eye ahiã batri ʋɛ aɖewo ko. Truitt tsɔ chipwo ɖo ka-ɖaŋɖi eve siwo eya ŋutɔ wɔ dzi, eɖe ɖeka trɔ ɖe evelia dzi eye wòtsɔ ʋe sesẽ yɔ wo dome, si wɔ kpe aɖe si nye inch eve kple ene eye wòtri inch afã, si dzi woate ŋu azɔ. Batriwo, antenna kple nu suesue siwo ʋuʋuna etɔ̃ la dometɔ eve yi afɔkpa ƒe afɔkpodzi me. Nu suesue etɔ̃ siwo ʋuʋuna le duƒuƒu etɔ̃ nu na dzesi asieke: akpa enyi kple “mègaɖo bɛt o”. Afɔkpatɔla aɖe ɖe afɔkpa gbalẽ dzɔdzɔmetɔwo me ƒe nuwo ɖa eye mebia nyabiase aɖeke o.

Le November 1981 me la, Farmer kple agbalẽŋlɔla Thomas Bass tsɔ afɔkpawo kple $2,500 yi Las Vegas. Le kplɔ̃ gbãtɔ ŋu la, nyagbɔgblɔɖi gbãtɔ do, eye emegbe nu suesue siwo ʋuʋuna la dze ʋuʋu gɔme le nudzɔdzɔ me. Kawo ƒe ɖiɖi yɔ kasinowo me, tso dzikpɔkamerawo, neon-dzesiwo kple masinifefewo me, eye wòtsyɔ radio-ƒomedodo bɔbɔe si le afɔkpawo dome la dzi; television aɖe le dzudzɔƒexɔ la me hã wɔ nenema ke. Ame ene ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋkeke geɖe mexɔ dee o, eye dɔ la tɔ ɖe afi ma. Mɔ̃wo yi gaɖaka aɖe me le anyigbaxɔ aɖe me le Santa Cruz.

Nu si 44% fia

Le Amerika ʋuafɔ dzi la, xexlẽdzesi ɖeka ƒe bɛtbɛtXexlẽdzesi ɖekaXexlẽdzesi ɖeka, fetu 35:1.Xlẽe blibo → ɖua dzi zi ɖeka le trɔtrɔ 38 me le titina me eye wòxea 35 ɖe 1 ŋu, si xɔa 5.26% le fefewɔla si. Viɖe 44% nye asixɔxɔ si le bɛt ma ke ŋu ne eɖu dzi zi ɖeka le trɔtrɔ 25 me: gakpe 36 gbugbɔna va ɖe gakpe 25 ɖe sia ɖe si woɖo ta. Eyata mehiã be kɔmpiuta la nanya xexlẽdzesi la kpɔ o. Ehiã be wòana xexlẽdzesi siwo wòtia la nado zi ɖeka kple afã lɔƒo wu ale si nudzɔdzɔ ɖe mɔe.

Amerika roulette ƒe ʋuafɔ kple sewo

Nu si ta viɖe gã gakpɔtɔ nɔ abe gafefe ene

Viɖe le 35 ɖe 1 ŋu xea fe blewu eye mesɔ o. Ha la ƒe aɖaŋuɖola ɖeka xlɔ̃ nu be fefewɔla si ɖoa $100 ɖe xexlẽdzesi ɖe sia ɖe dzi ate ŋu abu $10,000 alo $20,000 hafi viɖe la nadze, eye akɔntabubu lɔ̃ ɖe edzi: kple viɖe 44% le xexlẽdzesi ɖekawo dzi la, fefewɔla gakpɔtɔ le megbe le trɔtrɔ 100 megbe kloe zi ɖeka le ene me. Esia ta Eudaemons dze egɔme le cent ewo dzi eye wotu woƒe gaƒoƒugaGaƒoƒuGa katã si nèɖo ɖe vovo na fefe. Gaƒoƒu dzi kpɔkpɔ fia be nàɖo nya me be akpa ka nàtsɔ ade afɔku me le bɛt ɖe sia ɖe kple fefeɣi ɖe sia ɖe me.Xlẽe blibo → tso dziɖugawo me, eye esia ta Alan Lewis, si va kpe ɖe wo ŋu le ƒe 1978 me la, tsɔ eƒe ɣeyiɣi do ŋugble le ga ale si woaɖo bɛt ŋu. Farmer bu emegbe be yewoɖɔ ŋu akpa. Bɛtga suewo na wonɔ dedie, eye wofia hã be ƒe geɖe ƒe dɔwɔwɔ na ga suesue aɖe ko.

Nu si wòxɔ kple nu si wòna

$15,000 lɔƒo yi mɔ̃ƒe akpawo, dɔwɔnuwo kple Truitt ƒe fetu me, eƒe akpa gãtɔ tso Farmer kple Letty Belin, senyala aɖe si va ɖe Farmer emegbe gbɔ. Wobu be Farmer wɔ dɔ gaƒoƒo 3,500, Truitt 3,000 eye Packard 2,000. Esiawo ŋu la, dɔla akpe ʋɛ aɖewo siwo wokpɔ le bɛtga suewo dzi koe li. Le ƒe 1983 me la, Farmer ɖe gbeƒã le gafefe ƒe magazine aɖe me be yele gadelawo dim, eye wòƒo nu tso kpɔɖeŋumɔ̃ aɖe si ƒe viɖe le kasino me nye 20 va ɖo 40% si woɖo kpe edzi la ŋu. Esime Eudaemons nɔ fefem la, Belin di Nevada ƒe sewo me eye mekpɔ naneke si gbe fefe ƒe nyagbɔgblɔɖi o; le May 1985 me la, dukɔ la wɔe be mɔ̃ zazã ɖe ema ta nye nuvɔ̃. Nu si nɔ anyi ʋuu lae nye ŋutinunya la. Kɔmpiutawo wɔwɔ fia nu Farmer, Packard kple woƒe xɔlɔ̃wo na chaos ƒe numekuku, afi si wo ŋkɔ xɔ le.

Agbalẽ la xexlẽ egbe

Thomas Bass, si ɖo bɛtwo le mɔzɔzɔ mamlɛtɔ me la, gblɔ ŋutinya la le The Eudaemonic Pie (1985) me, si wòtu ɖe nyabiabia didiwo kple ha la dzi, eye eyae nye axa sia ƒe dzɔtsoƒe. Eƒe roulette ŋutinya kpui la meka ɖe edzi abe ale si eƒe dɔ la ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi ka ɖe edzi ene o. Egbugbɔ gblɔ Jagger ƒe agbalẽŋlɔla ade siwo wòxɔ ƒe ŋutinya-gli, si yi megbe va ɖo agbalẽ aɖe tso ƒe 1901 me eye meyi ŋgɔ wu nenema o (kpɔ Joseph Jagger), eye etsɔ Thorp kple Shannon ƒe kasino-dodokpɔ ɖo ƒe 1962 me, esime Thorp ŋutɔ ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo gblɔ be ƒe 1961 ƒe dzomeŋɔlie.

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